Is it in the news? Or just fake news?

Key vocabulary

no news is good news
everything is OK, probably

that's news to me
I didn't know that

breaking news
new news

to break the news
to pass on news to someone

"Fake news" was not a term many people used 18 months ago, but it is now seen as one of the greatest threats to democracy, free debate and the Western order. It has been named the word of the year, raised tensions between nations, and may lead to regulation of social media. And yet, nobody can agree on what it is, how much of a problem it is, and what to do about it.

Governments and powerful individuals have used information as a weapon for millennia, to boost their support. From a campaign of disinformation to aid victory in the final war of the Roman Republic to the 20th century, different forms of communication have been by governments. Added to that, as populations became more used to mass communication, they could more easily see through it.

 Before the internet, it was much more expensive to distribute information, building up trust took years, and there were much simpler definitions of what constituted news and media, making regulation or self-regulation easier. But the rise of social media has broken down many of the boundaries that prevented fake news from spreading in democracies. In particular it has allowed anyone to create and disseminate information.

Facebook and Twitter allowed people to exchange information on a much greater scale than ever before, while publishing platforms like WordPress allowed anyone to create a dynamic website with ease. In short, the barriers to creating fake news have been undone.

After widespread criticism that the companies are failing to deal with fake news, Twitter, Facebook and Google have all announced measures to crack down on misinformation online. Facebook, which has faced the most scrutiny, says it is enlisting fact checkers to flag stories, cutting off advertising to fake news sites, and better reviewing adverts on the site. Twitter says it has become better at dealing with bots, and Google has promised better algorithms to police YouTube.

However, critics continue to argue that not enough is being done, and that the tech companies are reluctant to take action, for fear of being seen as biased.

Spotting fake news isn't easy: a Stanford study last year found that students were shockingly bad at distinguishing between different types of material online, whether paid for, fake or legitimate. Facebook has a useful list of ways to spot fake news, which include checking other sources and a site's URL.

Adapted from The Telegraph

Gerunds and infinitives

Gerund or infinitive 

Live sessions: Online meeting- Week10

Wed. 27th May, we are having another online lesson about the activities and contents for this week. Also, you will be able to solve questions about the tasks or chat informally while we are having speaking practice. If you have any problem to get through, just send me an email. Again, we´ll be using MEET, which is an app linked to your @iescantabria.net account. Just click on the link to join. See you online.

• 10h: 2nd Bach: 
• Classroom link: https://meet.google.com/lookup/ey36j2tx3x?authuser=1&hs=179
• 11h: 1st Bach
• Classroom link: https://meet.google.com/lookup/hnutjwfzkf?authuser=1&hs=179
• 12h: 4th ESO (BIL)
• https://meet.google.com/kvq-abye-fih
• 13h: 2nd ESO
• https://meet.google.com/kvq-abye-fih

2ESO-Week10. Revision PAST TENSES

Simple Past vs. Present Perfect Practice

Simple Past	Present Perfect
Specified time in past	Unspecified time in past
I visited Japan last year.	I have visited Japan.
Finished Action	Unfinished Action
I went shopping twice last month.	I have gone shopping twice this month
Finished Action + for	Unfinished Action + for
He lived in Paris for two years.	He has lived in London for one year.
*He is no longer in Paris.	*He is still in London
	Keywords: recently, since, just

1.- Fill in the blanks using the Simple Past (i.e. When did you wake up today?) or the Present Perfect (i.e. Have you gone skydiving?).

1. What  for dinner last night? (eat/you)

2.  South Africa? (visit/Mary)

3.  to work by subway this morning? (come/you)

4. What  last weekend? (do/he)

5. You work for the bank, right? How long  there? (work/you)

6. How long  in your current apartment/house? (live/you)

7. How often  swimming when you were a child? (go/you)

8. How many cups of coffee  yesterday? (drink/I)

9.  raw fish? (eat/they)

10. Where  when you were a student? (live/you)

1. What did you eat for dinner last night? (eat/you)

2. Has Mary visited South Africa? (visit/Mary)

3. Have you come to work by subway this morning? (come/you)

4. What did he do last weekend? (do/he)

5. You work for the bank, right? How long have you worked  there? (work/you)

6. How long have you lived in your current apartment/house? (live/you)

7. How often did you go  swimming when you were a child? (go/you)

8. How many cups of coffee did I drink  yesterday? (drink/I)

9. Have they eaten raw fish? (eat/they)

10. Where did you live  when you were a student? (live/you)

2.- Choose the correct option and then copy and paste in a word document to send to your teacher before Fri 29th May

1. Peter      played  has played  have played   football yesterday.
2. They      has cleaned  have cleaned  cleaned   the car. It looks new again.
3. Last year we      went  goed  have gone   to Italy.
4. John and Peggy      just have read  have just read  read   the book. Now they can watch the film.
5. I      met  have met  meeted   my friend two days ago.
6. We      has never visited  visited  have never visited   another country before.
7. She      has bought  buyed  bought   a new car in 2011.
8. I'm sorry, but I      forgot  has forgotten  have forgotten   my homework.
9.  the game of chess?
10. The girls      did not eat  have not eaten  has not eaten   their lunch yet.

Peter played football yesterday.
They have cleaned the car. It looks new again.
Last year we went to Italy.
John and Peggy have just read the book. Now they can watch the film.
I met my friend two days ago.
We have never visited another country before.
She bought a new car in 2011.
I'm sorry, but I have forgotten my homework.
Did you win the game of chess?
The girls have not eaten their lunch yet.

3.- Complete the activities and get a screenshot at the end to capture the result. Then, copy and paste in the word document to send it to your teacher.

4ESO-Week 10- Integrated skills

ACTIVITIES:

·         GOOGLE FORMS. HOW TO MAKE FASTER DECISIONS: https://forms.gle/KQS3KyupLiKXXYjT8

·         MEDIATION: Suppose you work in a Chemist. Prepare a leaflet for your English customers.  
  https://drive.google.com/file/d/1sv39CqvwatuC_qCR1rhsyHvxkKWNLJ5D/view?usp=sharing

·         WRITING-IGCSE: There is a proposal to close the swimming pool in your town and build a supermarket there instead. Here are two comments from young people:

1.       Where will we meet our friends at the weekends?

2.       My parents say it will be easier to do the shopping.

     Write an article for the local newspaper, giving your views. The comments above may give you some ideas, and you should try to use some ideas of your own.

BACH-Reported Speech. Week10

Reported Questions

So now you have no problem with making reported speech from positive and negative sentences. But how about questions?

Direct speech: Where do you live?

In fact, it's not so different from reported statements. The tense changes are the same, and we keep the question word. The very important thing though is that, once we tell the question to someone else, it isn't a question any more. So we need to change the grammar to a normal positive sentence. A bit confusing? Maybe this example will help:

Direct speech: Where do you live?

• Reported speech: She asked me where I lived.

Do you see how I made it? The direct question is in the present simple tense. We make a present simple question with 'do' or 'does' so I need to take that away. Then I need to change the verb to the past simple.

Direct speech: Where is Julie?

• Reported speech: She asked me where Julie was.

The direct question is the present simple of 'be'. We make the question form of the present simple of be by inverting (changing the position of)the subject and verb. So, we need to change them back before putting the verb into the past simple.

Here are some more examples:

Direct Question	Reported Question
Where is the Post Office, please?	She asked me where the Post Office was.
What are you doing?	She asked me what I was doing.
Who was that fantastic man?	She asked me who that fantastic man had been.

So much for 'wh' questions. But, what if you need to report a 'yes / no' question? We don't have any question words to help us. Instead, we use 'if':

• Direct speech: Do you like chocolate?
• Reported speech: She asked me if I liked chocolate.

No problem? Here are a few more examples:

Direct Question	Reported Question
Do you love me?	He asked me if I loved him.
Have you ever been to Mexico?	She asked me if I had ever been to Mexico.
Are you living here?	She asked me if I was living here.

Click here to practise reported 'wh' questions.
Click here to practise reported 'yes / no' questions.

Reported Requests

There's more! What if someone asks you to do something (in a polite way)? For example:

• Direct speech: Close the window, please
• Or: Could you close the window please?
• Or: Would you mind closing the window please?

All of these requests mean the same thing, so we don't need to report every word when we tell another person about it. We simply use 'ask me + to + infinitive':

• Reported speech: She asked me to close the window.

Here are a few more examples: 

Direct Request	Reported Request
Please help me.	She asked me to help her.
Please don't smoke.	She asked me not to smoke.
Could you bring my book tonight?	She asked me to bring her book that night.
Could you pass the milk, please?	She asked me to pass the milk.
Would you mind coming early tomorrow?	She asked me to come early the next day.

To report a negative request, use 'not':

• Direct speech: Please don't be late.
• Reported speech: She asked us not to be late.

Reported Orders

And finally, how about if someone doesn't ask so politely? We can call this an 'order' in English, when someone tells you very directly to do something. For example:

• Direct speech: Sit down!

In fact, we make this into reported speech in the same way as a request. We just use 'tell' instead of 'ask':

• Reported speech: She told me to sit down.

Direct Order	Reported Order
Go to bed!	He told the child to go to bed.
Don't worry!	He told her not to worry.
Be on time!	He told me to be on time.
Don't smoke!	He told us not to smoke.

• Click here for an exercise to practise reported requests and orders.

Time Expressions with Reported Speech
Sometimes when we change direct speech into reported speech we have to change time expressions too. We don't always have to do this, however. It depends on when we heard the direct speech and when we say the reported speech.

For example:
It's Monday. Julie says "I'm leaving today".
If I tell someone on Monday, I say "Julie said she was leaving today".
If I tell someone on Tuesday, I say "Julie said she was leaving yesterday".
If I tell someone on Wednesday, I say "Julie said she was leaving on Monday".
If I tell someone a month later, I say "Julie said she was leaving that day".

So, there's no easy conversion. You really have to think about when the direct speech was said. Here's a table of some possible conversions:

now	then / at that time
today	yesterday / that day / Tuesday / the 27th of June
yesterday	the day before yesterday / the day before / Wednesday / the 5th of December
last night	the night before, Thursday night
last week	the week before / the previous week
tomorrow	today / the next day / the following day / Friday

TASKS. 

2ºBACH: 
GO THROUGH THE DIFFERENT ACTIVITIES AND ONCE FINISHED GET A SCREENSHOT OF EACH ONE AND PASTE THEM IN A WORD DOCUMENT. YOU CAN SEND IT TO THE TEACHER BY MAIL OR SUBMIT AS A TASK IN GOOGLE CLASSROOMS (REMEMBER TO POST THE THREE SCREENSHOTS AND YOUR NAME/GROUP):

REPORTED SPEECH REVISION

• https://kahoot.it/challenge/09499286?challenge-id=e2963443-8594-4063-9f97-4b82d638e060_1590337567286

LISTENING REPORTED-MOVIES QUOTES

• https://en.islcollective.com/video-lessons/reported-speech-movie-quotes

LISTENING SONG

• https://es.lyricstraining.com/play/james-blunt/the-greatest/HLkEvrc5ZL#b7w

TASKS. 

1ºBACH:
REPORTED SPEECH-REVISION 

• https://es.liveworksheets.com/worksheets/en/English_as_a_Second_Language_(ESL)/Reported_speech/Reported_Speech_ya24011mn

GOOGLE FORMS. HOW TO MAKE FASTER DECISIONS:

• https://forms.gle/KQS3KyupLiKXXYjT8

Spain in the news. BBC

• https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-52783936
• https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-05-24/spain-open-borders-coronavirus-vox-party-protests/12280786

Coronavirus: Anti-lockdown car protest draws thousands. Why are people protesting?

The country's two-month lockdown has seen hotels, bars and restaurants all close as well as beaches and other outdoor attractions. The government says this has allowed it to get the outbreak under control, and the daily death toll has been gradually declining. But, on Saturday, far-right protesters called for the lockdown to be lifted entirely owing to its impact on jobs and the economy.

Online Radio-Students´ podcast

Students´podcast: RADIO CANTABRIA IN ENGLISH:
Escucha "Lost and found- radio show-IES Cantabria (EN)" en Spreaker.

Internet radio stations from the UK

https://internetradiouk.com/

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Online sessions: Week9

Wed. 20th May, we are having another online lesson about the activities and contents for this week. Also, you will be able to solve questions about the tasks or chat informally while we are having speaking practice. If you have any problem to get through, just send me an email. Again, we´ll be using MEET, which is an app linked to your @iescantabria.net account. Just click on the link to join. See you online.

• 10h: 2nd Bach: 
• Classroom link: https://meet.google.com/lookup/ey36j2tx3x?authuser=1&hs=179
• 11h: 1st Bach
• Classroom link: https://meet.google.com/lookup/hnutjwfzkf?authuser=1&hs=179
• 12h: 4th ESO (BIL)
• https://meet.google.com/kvq-abye-fih
• 13h: 2nd ESO
• https://meet.google.com/kvq-abye-fih

Week9-2ESO

Esta semana continuamos con una revisión de formas verbales y los ejercicios del presente perfecto de esta última unidad. En la clase del miércoles repasaremos los ejercicios del libro. También deberéis mandar estas dos fichas interactivas que se contestan aquí mismo. Al finalizar es necesario que indiques vuestro nombre-apellido, curso: 2ºESO A/B/C, asignatura: ENGLISH y el correo del profesor javiermartinez@iescantabria.net, para que me lleguen vuestras respuestas. Son sencillas y de elección múltiple. Espero que resulten fáciles y de utilidad. Nos veremos el miércoles a las 13h.

We keep on working with the futures. This week97 we´ll go the activities which are a verbal tense revision and we´ll keep on working with the textbook. Also, you have to complete these two worksheets filling doing the exercises directly online (no need to send mail but you will have to complete the information once they are done) with your name-surname, group:2ESO A/B/C, subject: ENGLISH and the teacher´s mail javiermartinez@iescantabria.net, so that I can get your answers. They are simple and hope you find them useful. See you at videoconference next Wed, 13h. 

·         Tenses Revision: https://es.liveworksheets.com/bf1712cx

·         Present perfect-Listening: https://es.liveworksheets.com/qp1287gf

Present Perfect - Videos, una ficha interactiva de Meri
liveworksheets.com

Tenses, una ficha interactiva de jecika
liveworksheets.com

Week9- ESO (4 BIL)

4ESO-BIL (screenshots FOR LISTENING ACTIVITIES)

"Music to my ears": Something you are pleased to hear about
As part of this quarantine listening practice, here you´ll find two activities to be done online. Just click on the links and at the end get a screenshot to paste in a word document and send to your teacher by mail.
REPORTED SPEECH QUOTES: Answer the questions reporting the famous lines from the film (remember to use contractions (can´t/hasn´t) and the use of "that") 
LYRICS TRAINING (JAMES BLUNT): Try to fill in the gaps and once finished, get a screenshot with the result and send it by mail to your teacher (javiermartinez@iescantabria.net). You can do it as many times as you want to get a better score. Hope you like it.

·         LIST-https://en.islcollective.com/video-lessons/reported-speech-movie-quotes

·         LIST-https://es.lyricstraining.com/play/james-blunt/the-greatest/HLkEvrc5ZL#b7w

·         

       WR-Mail: Informal letter writing: https://es.liveworksheets.com/gu18847rx
WR-Mail IGCSE:

Recently, you spent a week with your English friend and their family to improve your English.
Write an email to your cousin about your visit.
In your email, you should:
• describe the family you stayed with
• explain what you enjoyed doing during your visit
• say how your English has improved.
The pictures above may give you some ideas, and you should try to use some ideas of your own.
You will receive up to 10 marks for the content of your email, and up to 10 marks for the style and

accuracy of your language.

Week9-Bach-Reported1

Reported speech Presentation

GRAMMAR NOTES: https://inglescarmelitaslb.files.wordpress.com/2011/05/reported-speech.pdf

Reported Speech

Click here to download this explanation in PDF.

We use a 'reporting verb' like 'say' or 'tell'. (Click here for more about using 'say' and 'tell'.) If this verb is in the present tense, it's easy. We just put 'she says' and then the sentence:

Direct speech: I like ice cream.

• Reported speech: She says (that) she likes ice cream.

We don't need to change the tense, though probably we do need to change the 'person' from 'I' to 'she', for example. We also may need to change words like 'my' and 'your'.
But, if the reporting verb is in the past tense, then usually we change the tenses in the reported speech:

Direct speech: I like ice cream.

• Reported speech: She said (that) she liked ice cream.

Tense	Direct Speech	Reported Speech
present simple	I like ice cream	She said (that) she liked ice cream.
present continuous	I am living in London	She said (that) she was living in London.
past simple	I bought a car	She said (that) she had bought a car OR She said (that) she bought a car.
past continuous	I was walking along the street	She said (that) she had been walking along the street.
present perfect	I haven't seen Julie	She said (that) she hadn't seen Julie.
past perfect*	I had taken English lessons before	She said (that) she had taken English lessons before.
will	I'll see you later	She said (that) she would see me later.
would*	I would help, but..”	She said (that) she would help but...
can	I can speak perfect English	She said (that) she could speak perfect English.
could*	I could swim when I was four	She said (that) she could swim when she was four.
shall	I shall come later	She said (that) she would come later.
should*	I should call my mother	She said (that) she should call her mother
might*	I might be late	She said (that) she might be late
must	I must study at the weekend	She said (that) she must study at the weekend OR She said she had to study at the weekend

* doesn't change.

Occasionally, we don't need to change the present tense into the past if the information in direct speech is still true (but this is only for things which are general facts, and even then usually we like to change the tense):

Direct speech: The sky is blue.

• Reported speech: She said (that) the sky is/was blue.

Click here for a mixed tense exercise about practise reported statements.

Time Expressions with Reported Speech

Sometimes when we change direct speech into reported speech we have to change time expressions too. We don't always have to do this, however. It depends on when we heard the direct speech and when we say the reported speech.

For example:
It's Monday. Julie says "I'm leaving today".
If I tell someone on Monday, I say "Julie said she was leaving today".
If I tell someone on Tuesday, I say "Julie said she was leaving yesterday".
If I tell someone on Wednesday, I say "Julie said she was leaving on Monday".
If I tell someone a month later, I say "Julie said she was leaving that day".

So, there's no easy conversion. You really have to think about when the direct speech was said. Here's a table of some possible conversions:

now	then / at that time
today	yesterday / that day / Tuesday / the 27th of June
yesterday	the day before yesterday / the day before / Wednesday / the 5th of December
last night	the night before, Thursday night
last week	the week before / the previous week
tomorrow	today / the next day / the following day / Friday

• Click here for an exercise about using 'say' and 'tell'.
• https://es.liveworksheets.com/worksheets/en/English_as_a_Second_Language_(ESL)/Reported_speech/Reported_speech_yg33468ea
• https://en.islcollective.com/video-lessons/reported-speech-movie-quotes

Revision and Exercises:

1ºBach: Reading & Grammar practice:

·        TALKING A DIFFERENT LANGUAGE: 
       https://forms.gle/iu8Aw3jeqD5enzid7

·        https://es.liveworksheets.com/worksheets/en/English_as_a_Second_Language_(ESL)/Reported_speech/Reported_speech_yg33468ea

2ºBach: EBAU practice(Read/Write)+Grammar rev.

·       CYCLES FOR CIGARETTES: EXAM OPT.1
      https://drive.google.com/file/d/1JDv6cjMr-Uom4UK7mroyfnYWJkfbcXXo/view?usp=sharing

·       https://es.liveworksheets.com/worksheets/en/English_as_a_Second_Language_(ESL)/Reported_speech/Reported_speech_yg33468ea