USA Election-Tues 8th 2016

Halloween worksheet (Luke Vyner-Onestopenglish) & Youtube

Visit www.history.com/topics/halloween/history-of-halloween and read the first section
entitled Ancient origins of Halloween. Look for the answers to these 13 (unlucky for some)
questions.

1. Where is the celebration of Halloween thought to have come from?
2. The Celts occupied an area of land covering three modern-day countries or regions. Which
are they?
3. Why did the Celts celebrate ‘Samhain’ on the night of 31 October?
4. What did the Celts believe the ghosts of the dead would cause damage and trouble to?
5. To commemorate the event, what did the Druids build?
6. What costumes did they wear?
7. What did they re-light to help protect them from the coming winter?
8. By 43 AD, who had mostly conquered the Celts?
9. What two other festivals were combined with ‘Samhain’?
10. After many changes due to the spread of Christianity, what new celebration was created
in 1000 AD?
11. What were the similarities between this day and ‘Samhain’?
12. What was another name given to this celebration?
13. What was the night before called and what did this finally become?

Jack-o’-lantern
Read the introductory paragraph at www.history.com/topics/jack-olantern-history and look for the answers to the following questions.

1. The jack-o’-lantern tradition originated from which Irish myth?
2. What did Jack do with the coin instead? Why?
3. Under what condition did Jack free the devil?
4. What trick did Jack play the following year and how did he prevent the devil coming
down from the tree?
5. What happened soon after?
6. What problem did Jack then face?
7. What did the Irish call Jack’s ghost?
8. What did the Irish then begin to make and place in their windows and doorways and why?
9. What did the vegetable become in America?

Apple-bobbing
Read the first paragraph of this website link about the rules of apple-bobbing:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_bobbing. Answer the following questions.

1. How do you set up the game?
2. Why are apples used?
3. What do players use to catch the apples?
4. Which part of their body are they prevented from using?

Trick-or-treating
Read the first two paragraphs of this website link about the tradition of ‘trick-or-treating’:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trick-or-treating and answer the following questions,

1. What do children ask for when they travel from house to house?
2. What do children say when they arrive at a house?
3. What is usually the ‘trick’?
4. Since when has this tradition been practised in North America?
5. What do homeowners who wish to participate sometimes do to their houses?
6. Since when have people in Britain and Ireland practised the tradition of asking for food
at Halloween?
7. What else have they done since then?
8. Trick-or-treating has become prevalent in countries outside of America – what do the

children ask for in Mexico?

LISTENING PRACTICE

Environment-Natural Dissasters

Natural disasters are constantly in the news and provide a good topic of conversation.

Internet links: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/4588149.stm - animated guide to extreme weather phenomena.
http://www.theguardian.com/world/natural-disasters - Guardian archive of articles about natural disasters and extreme weather.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/search?v2=true&q=natural_disasters#keypoints - Key facts about natural disasters.

Skills: Writing: Letters and emails

Grammar: Simple Past vs Continuous

Form

Simple Past	Past Progressive
irregular verbs: see 2nd column of irregular verbs I spoke regular verbs: verb + ed I worked	past form of 'be' + ing form of verb I was speaking you were speaking he / she / it was speaking we were speaking they were speaking
Exceptions
Exceptions when adding 'ed' : when the final letter is e, only add d. Example: love - loved after a short, stressed vowel, the final consonant is doubled Example: admit - admitted final l is always doubled in British English (not in American English) Example: travel - travelled after a consonant, final y becomes i. (but: not after a vowel) Example: worry - he worried but: play - he played	Exceptions when adding 'ing' : silent e is dropped (but: does not apply for -ee) Example: come - coming but: agree - agreeing after a short, stressed vowel, the final consonant is doubled Example: sit - sitting final l is always doubled in British English (not in American English) Example: travel - travelling final ie becomes y. Example: lie - lying

Use

After another or at the same time?

Do you want to express that the actions in the past happened one after another or at the same time?

Simple Past	Past Progressive
after another She came home, switched on the computer and checked her e-mails.	at the same time Simon was playing on the computer while his brother was watching TV.

New action or already in progress?

If you want to express that a new action happened in the middle of another action, you need both tenses: Simple Past the new action and Past Progressive for the action already in progress.

Simple Past	Past Progressive
new action My mobile rang (when I was sitting in a meeting.)	action already in progress While I was sitting in a meeting, (my mobile suddenly rang.)

Only mentioning or emphasising progress?

Do you just want to mention that an action took place in the past (also used for short actions)? Or do you want to put emphasis on the progress, e.g. that an action was taking place at a certain time?

Simple Past	Past Progressive
just mentioning Colin played football yesterday.	emphasising progress Yesterday at six o'clock, Colin was playing football.

Certain Verbs

The following verbs are usually only used in Simple Past (not in the progressive form).

• state: be, cost, fit, mean, suit
  Example: We were on holiday.
• possession: belong, have
  Example: Sam had a cat.
• senses: feel, hear, see, smell, taste, touch
  Example: He felt the cold.
• feelings: hate, hope, like, love, prefer, regret, want, wish
  Example: Jane loved pizza.
• brain work: believe, know, think, understand
  Example: I did not understand him.
• introductory clauses for direct speech: answer, ask, reply, say
  Example: “I am watching TV,“ he said.

Signal words

Simple Past	Past Progressive
first then If-Satz Typ II (If I talked, …)	when while as long as

Exercises on Simple Past and Past Progressive

• one after another or at the same time: Exercise 1, Exercise 2
• new or already in progress: Exercise 3, Exercise 4
• just mentioning or emphasising progress: Exercise 5, Exercise 6
• mixed exercises: Exercise 7, Exercise 8
  

Listening practice: USA PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION 2016