Vocabulary-Unit2- 1bach

Vocabulary Unit 2

http://www.universidadlaboraldemalaga.es/datos/Ingles/Unit_2_Easily_Confused_Words.pdf

Easily confused words

The words travel, journey, trip andvoyage can easily be confused by learners of English.

I suppose it’s a good time of year to look at these words, as the spring and summer holiday seasons will soon be starting for many people.

Travel (noun)

The noun travel is a general word, meaning to move from place to place, usually over long distances.

We can say: air travel, food and travel, space travel, business travel, a travel agency.

• Air travel is getting more expensive.
• The magazine is a food and travel guide.

We can also say travels, which is a plural noun:

• Where did you go on your travels?
• Jack Kerouac wrote many books about his travels.

Travel is also a verb:

• I travel 20 km to work every day.

Journey (noun) 

A journey means moving from one place to another, especially in a vehicle. It is asingle piece of travel. A journey can also be a regular thing.

Here is an example. Let’s say we go from London to Leeds then back again. That istwo journeys (London to Leeds is the first journey, Leeds to London is the second journey).

We can say: a bus journey, a train journey, the journey to school, my journey to work.

Be careful with the plural: journeys NOT
journies.

• How long does your journey to work take?
• Did you have a good journey?
• Did you have a good travel?

Trip (noun)

A trip describes the whole process of going somewhere and coming back. (It is more than one journey.)

Once again, let’s go from London to Leeds then back again. As I said above, that is two journeys, but it is one trip.

Some examples: a day trip, a round trip, a round-the-world trip, a boat trip and a business trip. We say go on a trip.

• We went on a three-week trip to Scotland.
• He’s gone on a business trip to Germany.
• Let’s go on a trip to the mountains this summer!
• The trip there took three hours. The journey there took three hours.

Voyage (noun)

Voyages are less common nowadays. A voyage is a very long trip, usually at sea or in space:

• At the age of twenty-three, Sir Francis Drake made his first voyage to the New World.
• A voyage around the world often took four or five years.

The French Bon voyage! translates into English as Have a good trip! or Have a goodjourney!

I hope that’s clear. Here’s a quick exercise for you to test your understanding:

1 Steve's on a business  journeytraveltripvoyage in South America. 

2 The  triptravelvoyagejourney from Manchester to London by train takes about two and a half hours. 

3 My  tripjourneytravelvoyage to Spain lasted over two weeks. I went to Madrid, Valencia, Malaga and Granada. 

4 Eric Newby wrote a book about his  travelvoyagetravels in Afghanistan in 1956. 

5 We  madewentwent ontravelled a trip to Paris to celebrate my wife's birthday. 

6 My  tripjourneytravelvoyage to work today was horrible. I was stuck in a traffic jam for two hours. 

7 Air  travelstraveljourney is much faster and cheaper nowadays compared to fifty or sixty years ago. 

HAVE YOU HEARD OF GUY FAWKES??

Million Mask March: Three officers and six police horses hurt on night of violence in London

Fifty people arrested after three police officers hospitalised during anti-capitalist march in central London that also saw photographer hit by supercar.

By Camilla Turner, and Lexi Finnigan

1:29PM GMT 06 Nov 2015

• Three police officers hospitalised and 50 people arrested
• Protesters set police car on fire and hurl fireworks at officers
• Thousands of Anonymous campaigners in Guy Fawkes masks
• Photographer hit by Aston Martin surrounded by protesters
• London protest is one of many similar marches held worldwide
• The Million Mask March: in pictures

Latest

Night of violence as police condemn protestors - summary of key events

Police chiefs have attacked "despicable, cowardly" protesters who set off fireworks at horses during masked march on Thursday evening.

Four police officers injured during an anti-capitalist march in central London that saw protesters hurl fireworks and set a patrol car on fire have now been released from hospital.

Scotland Yard said at least 50 arrests were made, mainly for public order offences with two for assaulting a police officer, on Thursday night.

In an update on Friday afternoon, the force said the injured officers have been released as it revealed that six police horses were also hurt.

Binge drinking

ESL Conversation Questions:

1. How old were you when you first tried alcohol? Who were you with?
2. What is the legal minimum age for buying alcohol in your country? Do you think it is too high or too low?
3. Is there social pressure to drink in your culture? How do you feel about this pressure?
4. How do you like to celebrate good news? Is drinking a good way to celebrate?
5. What kind of alcohol do you prefer to drink?
6. Why do some people drink too much?
7. Have you ever blacked out? What went wrong?
8. Does alcohol help people to get to know each other? How?
9. Where and when do you like to drink?
10. Can alcohol make people brave? Have you ever used alcohol to help you overcome fear?
11. How can you avoid a hangover? What’s the best cure for a hangover?
12. If people do bad things while drinking, should we blame the alcohol or the person?
13. Do you know someone who gets happy, angry, or sad when they drink? How do you react to their behavior?
14. What do you like to do while you drink? Dance, sing, eat, talk, or something else?
15. Have you played any drinking games? Explain how a drinking game you know is played, if you can.
16. Could you date someone who drinks often? Could you date someone who never drinks?
17. How much alcohol can a person drink and still be okay to drive? What is a suitable punishment for someone who drinks and drives?
18. Do you respect people who can drink a lot? Why or why not?
19. What is the strangest alcoholic drink or craziest cocktail you have had or heard about?
20. Some famous artists have used alcohol while working. Do you think drugs or alcohol might help creativity?

Grammar- Used to /to be used to

Used to

Used to shows that:

• a particular thing always happened or was true in the past.
• But it no longer happens or is no longer true now:

Examples:

• David used to live in Madrid.
• She used to exercise every morning, but since she had that terrible accident she doesn't exercise anymore.
• Why don't you come and see me like you used to?

Forms of used to

Here are the interrogative, affirmative and negative forms of used to

• Did you use to exercise regularly?
• Yes, I used to go jogging nearly everyday.
• No, I didn't use to exercise on a regular basis.

Used to, be used to, get used to

1.Used to shows that a particular thing always happened or was true in the past (see examples above)
2.Be used to is used to say that something is normal, not unusual.
Examples:

• I'm used to living alone.
• Don't worry, John is used to driving for long hours. He has worked as a professional driver for 20 years.

3.Get used shows that something is in the process of becoming normal.
Examples:

• He doesn't like that small town, but he'll get used to it.
• She found the heels too high, but she got used to them.
• Since the divorce, she has become very sad. But I think she'll get used to her new life.
• I got used to living in Canada in spite of the cold weather.

4. Get used to and be used to are followed by either a noun or a gerund.

Get used to + noun	Get used to + gerund (verb+ing)
I got used to the noiseI'm used to the cold weather	I got used to waking up early I'm used to working late at night

Exercise on used to

Do the exercises below on used to, be used to, get used to and click on the button to check your answers.

Choose the correct word.

1. He used to                         be            being           fat but now he's thin
2. He isn't used to                         work            working           in these bad conditions.
3. How did you get used to                         work            working              in the middle of this mess
4. Did you                         use to             used to           write poems when you were young?
5. I need some time to get used to                         live            living           in this town.
6. Sting used to                         be            being           a teacher before he became a famous singer.
7. I'm not used to                         wash            washing           linen by hand.
8. She'll get used to                          live            living              in the extremely cold winter of Siberia.
9. My mother didn't                         use to            used to           drink much coffee. But now she has become addicted to it
10. There used to                         be            being           a lot of trees in this court yard. They have all been cut down.

 

Halloween trivia

Halloween Trivia Questions and Answers

Halloween is one of the most popular holidays of the year. But even if you have been celebrating it since you were a kid, how much do you really know about All Hallows Eve? Test your knowledge with these fun trivia questions.

Set #1 Questions:

1.    In which country did Halloween originate?

2.    Which Catholic Church holiday is Halloween linked to?

3.    What was the name of Dracula’s sidekick?

4.    From which words did ‘bonfire’ originate?

5.    What does the name Dracula mean?

6.    What was Dracula’s real name?

7.    Who was the first actor to play Wolf Man?

8.    Which phobia means you have an intense fear of Halloween?

9.    Out of which vegetable were Jack O’ Lanterns originally made?

10.  Every Halloween, Charlie Brown helps his friend Linus wait for what character to appear?

Set #2 Questions:

1.    According to superstition, if you stare into a mirror at midnight on Halloween, what will you see?

2.    From which region in the world do pumpkins originate?

3.    Who wrote the novel Frankenstein?

4.    Transylvania is a region in which country?

5.    Halloween has its origins in which ancient Celtic festival?

6.    Which actor played Dr. Frank-n-Furter in The Rocky Horror Picture Show?

7.    Is a pumpkin a fruit or a vegetable?

8.    What is the significance of seeing a spider on Halloween?

9.    Which country celebrates the Day of the Dead starting at midnight on Oct. 31?

10.  According to superstition, a person born on Halloween has what particular ability?

Set #3 Questions:

1.    Who directed The Nightmare before Christmas?

2.    Which vampire said, “Don’t be afraid. I’m going to give you the choice I never had.”

3.    How many people were hanged during the Salem Witch Trials?

4.    Who is said to haunt the White House Rose Garden?

5.    Pumpkins can be orange, white, green, or what other color?

6.    In The Texas Chainsaw Massacre, how many people are killed with a chainsaw?

7.    What’s the body count for the film Halloween?

8.    Which year was the movie Freaks made?

9.    In the original Alien film, how many alien eggs were made for the egg chamber inside the downed spacecraft?

10.  How many Oscars was Psycho nominated for?

Halloween- Festivals and activities

October may not be as festive as the months that come after it, but it’s one of the most popular as it features the much-awaited Halloween. Most people would only think of trick-or-treating when Halloween becomes the topic of conversation, but there is a rich and vibrant history behind this centuries-old tradition.

#1 - The term Halloween is derived from the phrase, “Hallow’s Eve” or “Hallow’s Evening” which means the evening before All Hallow’s or Hallowmans celebrated every 1st of November known in the Christian world as All Saint’s Day.

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#2 - Halloween has been around for 6000 years now. The celebration was believed to have begun around 4000 BC.

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#3 - Ireland is generally believed to be place where Halloween originated from.

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#4 - The Halloween colors of orange and black symbolizes Fall harvest and darkness or death respectively.

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#5 - The first Jack o’ Lanterns were not made from pumpkins but from hollowed-out turnips that were believed to fend off bad spirits and ghosts during Samhain holiday.

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#6 - The Halloween tradition was carried to North America by Europeans who continued celebrating Fall harvest around bonfires while sharing ghost stories, dancing, singing, and fortune telling activities.

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#7 - Halloween is the second most popular holiday in the United States, with Christmas being the first.

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#8 - Almost 50% of kids who go trick-or-treating prefer receiving chocolates, whilst 24% are partial to non-chocolate candies and 10% who prefer gum as treats.

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#9 - As Ironic as this may sound, there are people who suffer from fear of Halloween or Samhainophobia

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#10 - Jack O’ Lantern was derived from an Irish legend about a man named Stingy Jack who deceived the devil so many times that he was forbidden to enter both heaven and hell. Due to his deception, he was condemned to wander the Earth for all eternity waving a lantern leading people away from their paths.

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#11 - The practice of trick-or-treating came from Celtic tradition of placing food offerings and treats for spirits who were believed to roam and haunt the streets during Samhain, an occasion that marked the end of the Celtic calendar year.

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#12 - It was in 1927 in Blackie, Alberta, Canada that trick-or-treating was first celebrated.

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#13 - Candy corn, one of the most popular treats given out during Halloween is made from the same recipe for making Jelly Belly Candy. It is made from three basic ingredients namely sugar, corn syrup, and marshmallow. Thirty pieces of candy corn is equivalent to 140 calories.
There are approximately 9 billion kernels of Candy Corn manufactured each year and are being given out during Halloween.

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#14 - The Hershey’s Company bags the most revenues during Halloween. Based on data from 24.7 Wall Street, the company reels in $510 for Reese’s sales, $500.82 million for M&M’s, and $456.91 million in the sale of Snickers bars for Halloween.

Feelings and emotions-Vocabulary