Halloween-Festivals and some culture info

   

Kahoot game:

https://play.kahoot.it/v2/lobby?quizId=eb33f163-e919-4818-9e31-b95840dc42b4

Some creepy, scary videos to get into the Halloween mood. Visit the at your own risk:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hIFkut11Xpc
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D2s59Kug2u4
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i-vyBhEK36o

Halloween Flipped classroom Trivia:  

Watch the videos and look for the answers to these questions.

1. Where is the celebration of Halloween thought to have come from?
2.To commemorate the event, what did the Druids build?
3. What two other festivals were combined with ‘Samhain’?
4. After many changes due to the spread of Christianity, what new celebration was created
in 1000 AD?
5. What was "praying for dead relatives" called?

Speaking activity

 

Writing. Film reviews

 https://www.wikihow.com/Write-a-Movie-Review

 

Grammar revision. Past tenses

PAST TENSES.

Use

Simple Past	Past Progressive	Past Perfect	Past Perfect Progressive	Present Perfect**	Present Perfect Progressive**
action finished in the past	action was in progress at special time in the past	the past equivalent of Present Perfect	how long something had been happening before something else happened	result of an action in the past is important in the present recently completed action state beginning in the past and still continuing	action beginning in the past and still continuing (focus is on the action)

Signal words

Simple Past	Past Progressive	Past Perfect	Past Perfect Progressive	Present Perfect**	Present Perfect Progressive**
last ... ... ago in 2010 yesterday	while	no unambiguous ones		just yet never ever already so far up to now since for recently	all day the whole day how long since for

Form

Simple Past	Past Progressive	Past Perfect	Past Perfect Progressive	Present Perfect**	Present Perfect Progressive**
regular: infinitive + ed irregular: 2nd column of the irregular verbs	was, were + infinitive + -ing	had + past participle*	had + been + infinitive + ing	have/has + past participle*	have/has + been + infinitive + -ing

* past participle:

• regular verbs → infinitive + -ed
• irregular verbs → 3rd column of the table of the irregular verbs

English uses three principal forms of the past, the Simple Past, the Present Perfect (or compound past), and the Past perfect.  There is also a special tense called the future perfect.

Forms of past tenses:
1. Simple active forms

	I	you	he she it one	we	you	they
Simple past	made
Present perfect	have made		has made	have made
Past perfect	had made
Future perfect	will have made

2. Progressive active forms

	I	you	he she it one	we	you	they
Simple past	was making	were making
Present perfect	have been making		has been making	have been making
Past perfect	had been making
Future perfect	will have been making

Simple past.

This is used to relate past events in a historic context. Often, you will know that it must be used, because the sentence also contains an adverb (or adverb phrase) of time, such as yesterday,  a date or time as in example 1, or an implied but unstated moment, as in example 3.

Examples:
1) Queen Victoria died in 1901.
2) The Titanic sank when it hit an iceberg.
3) I told you not to drink too much
4) Next, they went and cooked dinner.

1.1. Simple past - progressive or continuous forms:

Here are some examples with a progressive or continuous form too: both of the events in each sentence are "historic", but one took place while another longer-lasting situation was true:

Examples:
5) John Lennon died while he was living in New York.
6) The students shouted as the President was speaking.

1.2. Used to and would - the past of finished situation or finished habit

To express a finished habit, or terminated situation or action, there are two additional possible structures, one with used to, the other with would.  To express a terminated situation, only the structure with used to can be used. Terminated situation can also be expressed using the simple past often reinforced by an adverb of duration or of time.

Examples: 
   1) I used to go to Brighton when I was a child. But I don't any longer.
   2) He would call her every day when she was younger, but he doesn't now
   3) This street used to be very quiet; but nowadays it's full of traffic.
   4)  This street was once very quiet, but nowadays it's full of traffic.

For more on this, see: Problem words - Used to.

The Present Perfect (or compound past)

In British English, the present perfect (which Samuel Johnson called, perhaps more appropriately, the compound preterite)  is used to situate past events, or the consequences of past events, in relation to the present situation (that's why it is called the "present" perfect). Americans do not always use the present perfect in this situation.

Examples:
1. I have ordered a new refrigerator, darling!
    (i.e., the speaker means "A new refrigerator is coming and will be here soon").
2. I've eaten too much!
     (i.e. the speaker implies: "At this moment now, I do not feel very well; I have a funny feeling in my stomach!)
3.  Manchester United have won the Cup
      (i.e. Manchester United are now, at this moment , football champions).

You do not usually find adverbs of time used with verbs in the present perfect, but there are some exceptions:

1. already:
2. adverbs of frequency:
3. adverbs or adverb phrases of duration related to the present:

1. Come on, we've already started eating !
2. I've often seen people driving too fast down that road.
3. I've lived in London for ten years.
  (Contrast with: I lived in London for ten years (but I don't live there now) - a historic statement)
4. I've lived in London since 1985. 
5. I've been living in London since 1985.    (Both of these forms are acceptable)
6. Up to now, I've always refused to eat fish.

2.1. Present-perfect progressive or present-perfect continuous:

These progressive forms are used when we want to imply that an event / events in the past have been continuing until the present point in time, or have taken place over a period of time in the past

I've been waiting for you since three o'clock.
The doctor has been seeing patients for most of the afternoon.

(► Cross reference: since and for)

The past perfect or pluperfect.

The past perfect tense, or pluperfect, as in He had seen,  is normally only used in English when one past event (either a specific action, or a contuous condition) has to be situated in a more distant past than another past event.  In some situations, the progressive or continuous form is necessary.
 

 Examples:
  I had just put the phone down, when the doorbell rang.
  The man had been drinking before the accident happened.
  He had worked in the company for five years before he got promotion.

There are some other uses too, but they are less common. Note, for example, the use of the past perfect (and inversion) after hardly :

Hardly had I put the phone down, than the phone rang.

The future perfect 

The future perfect, as in They will have finished ,  is used to situate a moment or situation thatwill be in the past by the time (a) another event occurs, or (b) a point in time is reached, or (c) another situation is true.

 Examples:
  a)  I will have  finished reading the book before I go to bed.
  b1)   I think that the boss will have interviewed all the new candidates by 6 p.m.
  b2)   By next Monday, I will have been living here for a month.
  c) If you get all the answers right, you will have done better than anyone e

Now and then- Lifestyles

 Now and then

https://www.ecenglish.com/learnenglish/lessons/contrasting-past-and-present

Rephrasing. Modals practice

Rewrite the sentences without changing their meaning: 

https://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame.asp?id=16107#a

 

1. It’s possible that Jane will visit Switzerland next year.

      Jane  Switzerland next year.

2. You'd better see a dentist. 

      You  a dentist.  

 

3. James definitely isn’t eighteen yet!

      James  eighteen yet!

4. I’m sure that Mrs Smith didn’t leave home.

      Mrs Smith  home.

5. It isn't necessary for you to take a jacket

      You  a jacket

 

6. It wasn't necessary for you to take a jacket

      You  a jacket. 

 

7. Perhaps she’s gone to stay with her mother.

      She to stay with her mother.

8. It’s possible that Mr Smith committed a crime.

      Mr. Smith  a crime.

9. Do you know how to cook couscous?

       couscous? 

10. I’m certain that he buried something in the garden.

      He something in the garden.

11. It's forbidden to park here.

      You  here.

      You are  here. 

 

12. Perhaps he won the lottery.

      He  the lottery.

13. He had permission to go to the party

      He   to the party

      He was  to the party.

 

14. He succeeded in getting the star's autograph.

      He  the star's autograph.

      He was  the star's autograph. 

 

15. Perhaps I'll win the lottery

      I  the lottery 

 

16. Perhaps Mrs Smith murdered her husband.

      Mr Smith  her husband.

17. I wish I had returned it to the shop.

      I  it to the shop.

 

18. I know that isn't my boss. She's on a business trip.

      She  my boss. She's on a business trip. 

19. Do you want me to wait here?

          here? 

 

20.  How about going hiking this weekend?

          hiking this weekend? 

         Why  hiking this weekend? 

 

WRITING practice: Expressing opinions

 Structure of the Opinion Essay:

• Introduction – introduces the topic and state your opinion clearly
• Body - consists of three or more paragraphs each presenting a separate viewpoint supported by reasons/examples
• Conclusion – summarizes/restates your opinion using different words

Useful Language

То express opinion: I believe, In my opinion, I think, In my view, I strongly believe, I see it, It seems to me (that), As far as I am concerned, I am (not) convinced that..., In my opinion/view …My opinion is that …, I (firmly) believe …, I (definitely) feel/think that, I am inclined to believe that ……

То list points: In the first place, first of all, to start with, Firstly, to begin with

То add more points: what is more, another major reason, also, furthermore, moreover, in addition to this/that, besides, apart from this, not to mention the fact that

То introduce contrasting viewpoints: It is argued that, People argue that, There are people who oppose, Contrary to what most people believe,

As opposed to the above ideas

To introduce examples: for example, for instance, such as, in particular, especially

To conclude: To sum up, All in all, All things considered, Taking everything into account.

Paragraph outline: Examples:

Word formation.

 https://engxam.com/handbook/practice-tests-50-word-formation-ex-c1-advanced-cae/

Use the word in capitals to form a word that fits in the gap.
For each question, write your answer in the gap.

They had to obey the decisions taken by the  of the party. LEAD

The news  has just finished and there was no mention of it. TRANSMIT

A  angel is believed to be a good spirit that protects each of us. GUARD

They tested the  of water in the village wells. TRANSPARENT

They have announced the  for the Oscars. NOMINATE

Psychologists show more  into human character and behaviour. SIGHT

She spoke with  of his impudent behaviour. DISAPPROVE

Unfortunately,  still exists in some parts of the world. SLAVE 

The thieves have stolen all my  . JEWEL

The Princess looked  beautiful at the wedding. STUN

Use the word in capitals to form a word that fits in the gap.
For each question, write your answer in the gap.

During the war, a lot of  fled to America. REFUGE 

This woman has had two  in three years. PREGNANT

Some  will be served at the end of this meeting. REFRESH

She will decorate her house  of the cost. REGARD

I counted on your  and you let me down. DISCREET

When I asked for his permission, I was met with a  . REFUSE

The principal took  measures against the culprits. DISCIPLINE

He was such a  that I couldn’t tell when he was being serious. JOKE

I looked at them in  amazement. SPEECH

The general checked the  of the troops for battle. READY